Himachal Pradesh PCS Free Notes
HPPCS Prelims and Mains Notes, HPPSC Test Series
The interrelations between organisms and environment on the land constitute “Terrestrial Ecology”. The most important limiting factors of the terrestrial ecosystems are moisture and temperature. TUNDRA The word tundra means a “barren land” since they are found where environmental conditions are very severe. There are two types of tundra- arctic and … Read more TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
Waste minimization is an appropriate strategy to address the problems of industrial pollution. The objective of the scheme is to assist the small and medium scale industries in adoption of cleaner production processes. • A scheme on adoption of clean technology and promotion and establishment of waste minimization circles in small and medium scale industries … Read more Waste minimization
Environment Pollution is defined as ‘an addition or excessive addition of certain materials to the physical environment (water, air and lands), making it less fit or unfit for life’. Pollutants are the materials or factors, which cause adverse effect on the natural quality of any component of the environment. Classifications According to the form in … Read more Environment Pollution: An Introduction
COST OF CAPITAL The primary meaning of cost of capital is simply the cost an entity must pay to raise funds. The term can refer, for instance, to the financing cost (interest rate) a company pays when securing a loan. In other words, Cost of capital refers to the opportunity cost of making a specific investment. It is the rate … Read more Cost of Capital
found where rainfall is about 25-75 cm per year, not enough to support a forest, but more than that of a true desert. vegetation formations that are generally found in temperate climates. In India, they are found mainly in the high Himalayas. The rest of India’s grasslands are mainly composed of steppes and savannas. … Read more GRASSLAND ECOSYTEM
Profit and loss IMPORTANT FACTS Cost Price: The price, at which an article is purchased, is called its cost price, abbreviated as C.P. Selling Price: The price, at which an article is sold, is called its selling prices, abbreviated as S.P. Profit or Gain: If S.P. is greater than C.P., the seller is said to have … Read more PROFIT & LOSS
Major Forts of Rajasthan Hill Forts of Rajasthan. The serial site, situated in the state of Rajastahan, includes six majestic forts in Chittorgarh; Kumbhalgarh; Sawai Madhopur; Jhalawar; Jaipur, and Jaisalmer are included in the list of UNESCO World heritage sites Serial No Name of Fort Constructed by Location Related Dynasty 1 Mehrangarh Rao Jodha Jodhpur Rathore … Read more Salient features of Architecture – Forts and Monuments
There were some working class movements in second half of 19th century. However, they were impulsive and not very well organized. The early nationalists had a lukewarm attitude towards the question of workers. This war because initially Congress wanted to focus on issues which were of common concern to all the people of India. There … Read more The Working Class Movements
Use of information technology in administration Public Administration, governed by bureaucratic structures built on rationale principles, that dominated the twentieth century, has failed to respond to the changing requirements of the present times. It is so because it tended to be rigid, laid too much emphasis on red-tapism; sap creativity; thwarted initiative; wore out dynamism … Read more use of information technology in administration
Directing is concerned with instructing, guiding, supervising and inspiring people in the organisation to achieve its objectives. It is the process of telling people what to do and seeing that they do it in the best possiblemanner. Elements in Directing: The four essential elements in Directing are : Communication … Read more FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT- DIRECTION (Communication,Supervision,Motivation,Leadership)