HPPSC HAS Mains 2021 Paper-2

What do you mean by NGOs? Discuss their role in the governance of India. Introduction: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are private, non-profit organizations that operate independently of any government. They are diverse, ranging from small community-based groups to large international organizations. Their activities span a wide spectrum, including humanitarian aid, environmental protection, human rights advocacy, community … Read more What do you mean by NGOs? Discuss their role in the governance of India.

Evaluating the Implementation of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), 2005 in India Introduction: The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), enacted in 2005, is a flagship program of the Indian government aimed at enhancing livelihood security in rural areas by guaranteeing 100 days of wage employment to every rural … Read more Evaluate the implementation of the MGNREGA Act, 2005 in India.

The Shifting Sands of Power: “Old” and “New” Area Politics in Himachal Pradesh Introduction: Himachal Pradesh, a state known for its rugged terrain and diverse population, has witnessed a fascinating evolution in its political landscape. Traditionally characterized by localized, caste-based “old” area politics, the state is increasingly experiencing the influence of “new” area politics, driven … Read more Describe the “New” and “Old” area politics in Himachal Pradesh.

Examining the Tension Areas in Centre-State Financial Relations in India Introduction: Centre-State financial relations in India are governed by a complex interplay of constitutional provisions, legislative enactments, and evolving political dynamics. The Indian Constitution establishes a federal structure, distributing powers between the Union (Centre) and the States. However, the division of financial resources between these … Read more Examine the tension areas in Centre-State financial relations in India.

Analyzing the Politics of Defection in India Introduction: The phenomenon of political defection, the act of a legislator switching parties after an election, plagues Indian democracy. While the Constitution allows for some level of party-switching, the sheer scale and frequency of defections in India undermine the stability of governments, erode public trust, and distort the … Read more Analyze the problem of the politics of defection in India.

Understanding the Startup India Scheme: Benefits and Impact Introduction: The Startup India initiative, launched by the Indian government in January 2016, is a flagship program aimed at fostering entrepreneurship and promoting innovation within the country. It recognizes the crucial role startups play in driving economic growth, job creation, and technological advancement. The scheme aims to … Read more What do you understand by the ‘Startup India Scheme’? What benefits are available under this scheme?

Examining India’s ‘Act East’ Policy Introduction: India’s ‘Act East’ Policy (AEP), formerly known as the ‘Look East’ Policy, represents a significant shift in India’s foreign policy, focusing on strengthening engagement with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, particularly the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Launched in the early 1990s, the policy has evolved over … Read more Examine India’s Policy of ‘Act East.’

The Basic Structure Doctrine: A Cornerstone of Indian Constitutionalism Introduction: The Indian Constitution, adopted in 1950, is the supreme law of the land. While Article 368 empowers Parliament to amend the Constitution, the Supreme Court, in its landmark judgment in Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973), established the “Basic Structure” doctrine. This doctrine limits … Read more Discuss the ‘Basic Structure’ theory of the Indian Constitution.