HPPSC HAS Mains 2019 Paper-2

Essential Characteristics of Local Government Introduction: Local government, the third tier of government in many countries, plays a crucial role in delivering public services and fostering citizen participation at the grassroots level. Its structure and functions vary significantly across nations, influenced by historical context, political systems, and socio-economic factors. While a universally accepted definition is … Read more Discuss the essential characteristics of Local Government.

Discussion of Welfare Schemes for Women in India Introduction: India, despite significant strides in economic growth, continues to grapple with deep-seated gender inequalities. Women face systemic disadvantages across various sectors, including education, healthcare, employment, and political representation. To address these disparities and empower women, the Indian government has implemented a multitude of welfare schemes over … Read more Discuss various welfare schemes for women in India.

The Organizational Structure of India’s National Security Council (NSC) Introduction: India’s National Security Council (NSC) is a high-level body tasked with advising the Prime Minister on matters of national security. Unlike some other countries with formalized NSC structures, India’s NSC lacks a codified, statutory framework. Its structure and functioning are largely defined by convention and … Read more Discuss the organizational structure of the National Security Council (NSC) in India.

Judicial Activism in India: A Multifaceted Phenomenon Introduction: Judicial activism, a term often debated and sometimes controversial, refers to the judiciary’s proactive role in shaping public policy and addressing societal issues beyond the strict confines of legal interpretation. It involves judges actively interpreting the constitution and laws to advance social justice, protect fundamental rights, and … Read more What do you mean by Judicial Activism in India?

What are Self Help Groups (SHGs)? Introduction: Self Help Groups (SHGs) are small, informal groups of people, typically women, who come together voluntarily to achieve common goals. They are characterized by their self-managed nature, relying on internal decision-making and collective responsibility. While the specific activities vary, SHGs generally focus on improving the members’ economic and … Read more What are Self Help Groups?

Discuss the Emergency Powers of the Indian President Introduction: The Indian Constitution vests significant emergency powers in the President, primarily as a safeguard against internal disturbances or external aggression threatening the nation’s sovereignty, unity, and integrity. These powers, though extraordinary, are not absolute and are subject to constitutional limitations and judicial review. Article 352 (Proclamation … Read more Discuss the emergency powers of the Indian President.

Why India is Called a Quasi-Federal State Introduction: India’s political system is often described as “quasi-federal,” a term signifying a blend of federal and unitary features. A purely federal system strictly divides powers between a central government and constituent units (states), with each enjoying significant autonomy. A unitary system, conversely, vests supreme authority in the … Read more Explain why India is called a Quasi-federal state.

How a Bill Becomes an Act: A Procedural Overview Introduction: The transformation of a bill into an act, or law, is a complex process involving multiple stages and actors within a parliamentary system. This process ensures scrutiny, debate, and amendment before legislation is enacted, safeguarding against hasty or ill-considered laws. The specific procedures vary slightly … Read more Describe the procedure of how a bill becomes an act.